Parkinson’s Disease
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- Parkinson’s Disease
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What is Parkinson’s Disease?
Parkinson’s disease is a neurological illness that affects mobility. The disease is often associated with stiffness or slowed mobility along with tremors. In the early stages, the face may turn expressionless, and the speech may become slurred or soft. These symptoms grow as the disease advances.
Although Parkinson’s disease cannot be cured, drugs are the only way to feel better.
What Causes Parkinson’s Disease?
Parkinson’s disease causes particular brain nerve cells (neurons) to degrade or die gradually. Many of the symptoms are caused by a loss of neurons that produce dopamine, a chemical messenger in the brain. Aberrant brain activity occurs when dopamine levels fall, resulting in poorer mobility and other Parkinson’s disease symptoms. Parkinson’s disease has no established aetiology; however, various factors appear to play a role, including:
- Genes- Specific genetic mutations that can cause Parkinson’s disease have been found by researchers. However, except in rare circumstances where multiple family members have Parkinson’s disease, these are unusual.
- Environmental triggers-Exposure to some poisons or environmental variables may raise the chances of developing Parkinson’s disease later in life.
- Age- Parkinson’s disease is uncommon in young adults. It usually starts in middle or late life, and the risk increases with increasing age. People who are 60 or older are more likely to develop the condition.
What are the Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease?
Parkinson’s disease indications and symptoms can vary from person to person. Early signs may be subtle and go unrecognised. Symptoms begin on one side of the body and worsen on that side, even when symptoms begin to impact both sides.
- A tremor, or shaking, usually starts in a limb, most commonly in the hands or fingers. When the hand is at rest, it may shake.
- Parkinson’s disease may slow down mobility over time, making routine tasks complex and time-consuming. Walking steps may become shorter, and getting out of a chair may be difficult.
- Stooped posture and poor balance
- Muscle stiffness can happen anywhere in the body and can be uncomfortable and restrict the range of motion.
- A reduced capacity to conduct unconscious movements while walking, such as blinking, smiling or swinging your arms.
How is Parkinson’s Disease Diagnosed?
There is no specific test to diagnose this disease. It is diagnosed based on medical history, a review of signs and symptoms, and a neurological and physical examination.
The doctor may recommend a dopamine transporter scan, a type of CT-Scan. The doctor may also conduct lab testing, like blood tests, to rule out other disorders causing the symptoms. Imaging studies, such as an MRI, ultrasonography of the brain, and PET scans, may also be used.
What are the Complications of Parkinson’s Disease?
With time, Parkinson’s disease can lead to:
- Memory loss
- Drooling during swallowing
- Decrease in libido
- Depression
- Inability to control urination
- Blood pressure changes
What is the Treatment for Parkinson’s Disease?
Parkinson’s disease cannot be cured, but drugs can significantly reduce the symptoms. Surgery may be recommended in some more severe situations. The doctor may also advise modifications to the lifestyle, particularly regular aerobic activity. Physical therapy that focuses on balance and stretching is also beneficial in some circumstances. A speech-language pathologist may be able to help with speech challenges.